⭐️ TPO 40 R1: 古希臘雅典 Ancient Athens 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【雅典歷史 History of Athens】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Athens ✅聽力練習【古雅典人一天的生活 A day in the life of an ancient Athenian】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ar8S6virCwM ⭐️TPO 41 R3: 貿易與早期國家形成 Trade and Early State Formation 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【古代世界中的貿易 Trade in the Ancient World】： https://www.worldhistory.org/collection/39/trade-in-the-ancient-world/ ✅聽力練習【歷史上最古老的商人 Oldest Businessmen in History】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5p6EL-a0v60 ⭐️TPO 43 R1: 亞歷山大大帝的帝國 The Empire of Alexander the Great 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【亞歷山大大帝 Alexander the Great】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great ✅聽力練習【亞歷山大大帝 Alexander the Great】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0LsrkWDCvxg ⭐️ TPO 46 R1: 文字的起源 The Origins of Writing 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【文字是如何開始的？Where did writing begin?】： https://www.bl.uk/history-of-writing/articles/where-did-writing-begin ✅聽力練習【文字的歷史 The History of Writing】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyjLt_RGEww ⭐️ TPO 49 R2: 活字印刷 Movable Type 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【活字印刷 Movable Type】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movable_type ✅聽力練習【活字印刷排版 Movable Typeset】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1kOmdSIpCm4 ⭐️TPO 53 R3: 舊石器時代的洞穴壁畫 Paleolithic Cave Paintings 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【壁畫Cave painting】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_painting ✅聽力練習【洞穴藝術 Cave Art】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjejoT1gFOc ⭐️TPO 59 R3: 古希臘陶器 Ancient Greek Pottery 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【古希臘陶器 Pottery of ancient Greece】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Greece ✅聽力練習【古希臘陶器 Ancient Greek Pottery】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFMZZb7h2HQ ⭐️TPO 61 R2: 地球生命誕生時的條件 Conditions on Earth When Life Began 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【地球早期的生命 Early Life on Earth】： https://naturalhistory.si.edu/education/teaching-resources/life-science/early-life-earth-animal-origins ✅聽力練習【地球生命的完整歷史 The Whole History of the Earth and Life 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQ4CUw9RcuA ⭐️TPO 64 R1: 翼龍的特徵 Characteristics of Pterosaurs 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【翼龍 Pterosaurs】： https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/pterosauria.html ✅聽力練習【翼龍 Pterosaurs】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mfYuvlE78Nk ⭐️ TPO 65 R2: 早期對空氣的研究 Early Research on Air 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【空氣 air】： https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94 ✅聽力練習【空氣中有什麼？What’s in the air you breathe? 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEodej_M7TI ⭐️TPO 67 R2: 人類活動與考古紀錄 Human Activity and the Archaeological Record 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【考古學與人類進化 Archaeology and Human Evolution】： https://evolution-outreach.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1007/s12052-010-0246-9 ✅聽力練習【考古學是什麼 What is archaeology】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvc1xIyntC0

藝術 TPO 01: 戲劇的起源 The Origins Of Theater 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Online Guide to the History of Theater 】： https://www.theaterseatstore.com/blog/theater-history-guide ✅聽力練習【What Is Theater? Crash Course Theater #1 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNWrOuwzax8 TPO 02: 早期電影院 Early Cinema 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【A very short history of cinema】： https://www.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/very-short-history-of-cinema ✅聽力練習【A Brief History of Film 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=utntGgcsZWI&t=4s TPO 03: 建築學 Architecture 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Architecture through the ages】： https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/discover/history/architecture/history-of-architecture ✅聽力練習【Architect Breaks Down 5 of the Most Common New York Apartments | Architectural Digest 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RL7BECNn-RI TPO 04: 歐洲洞穴藝術 Cave Art in Europe 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【cave art 】： https://www.britannica.com/art/cave-art ✅聽力練習【 The Dordogne, France: Lascaux's Prehistoric Cave Paintings - Rick Steves’ Europe Travel Guide 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnSq0c7jM-A TPO 10: 中國陶器 Chinese Pottery 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Chinese Porcelain 】： https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/content/chinese-porcelain ✅聽力練習【The History of Chinese Porcelain 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBKxT9Zhtg8 TPO 11: 古埃及雕塑 Ancient Egyptian Sculpture 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Egyptian Sculpture 】： https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/galleries/egyptian-sculpture ✅聽力練習【Ancient Egypt 101 | National Geographic】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hO1tzmi1V5g TPO 12: 電影從無聲到有聲 Transition To Sound In Film 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 From Silent Films to Talkies An Era of Change within American Cinema 】： https://thelapisucl.wordpress.com/2023/03/31/from-silent-films-to-talkies-an-era-of-change-within-american-cinema/ ✅聽力練習【The Evolution Of Cinema: From Silent Films To Blockbusters 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDkJxl7Nk74 TPO 22: 攝影起源The Birth of Photography 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【history of photography 】： https://www.britannica.com/technology/photography ✅聽力練習【The history of photography in 5 minutes 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JoxGEymA8ro TPO 23: 澳洲原住民的岩石藝術 Rock Art of the Australian Aborigines 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【First rock art 】： https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/first-rock-art ✅聽力練習【The Mystical Discoveries of the Aboriginal Rock Art of Australia 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CoXlN0KqoCw TPO 27: 古代近東手工藝品 Crafts in the Ancient Near East 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Ancient Near Eastern Art 】： https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/cavestocathedrals/part/ancient-near-east/ ✅聽力練習【TICE ART 1010 Ancient Near Eastern and Ancient Egyptian Art 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_8yPgC9zQc TPO 29: 羅馬陶器的特色 Characteristics of Roman Pottery 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Classical period (c. 480–c. 330 bce) in pottery in Western pottery 】： https://www.britannica.com/art/pottery/Classical-period-c-480-c-330-bce ✅聽力練習【Ancient Greek Pottery】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFMZZb7h2HQ TPO 41: 納瓦荷藝術 Navajo Art 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Navajo Art: Ancient to Modern Techniques 】： https://www.invaluable.com/blog/navajo-art/?srsltid=AfmBOoqzlADVtgSqPIX3iVJmqabtukboilprDsQFpLmASyYFgYIJgIWc ✅聽力練習【Navajo Weaving 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqqfJ4hjCCQ TPO 53: 舊石器時代洞穴壁畫 Paleolithic Cave Paintings 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【What Prehistoric Cave Paintings Reveal About Early Human Life 】： https://www.history.com/news/prehistoric-cave-paintings-early-humans ✅聽力練習【Cave Art 101 | National Geographic 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjejoT1gFOc&t=42s 音樂 TPO 58 R1: 樂器的發展 The Development of Instrumental Music 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【文藝復興晚期和巴洛克時期的樂器和器樂的發展 The Development of Instruments and Instrumental Music in the Late Renaissance and Baroque Eras】： https://www.123helpme.com/essay/The-Development-of-Instruments-and-Instrumental-Music-255739 ✅聽力練習【文藝復興時期的古典音樂概論 Intro to the Renaissance Period of Classical Music】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyazCS-FKCU

生物學 TPO 01 Timberline Vegetation On Mountains ✅延伸閱讀【Timberline 】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/timberline/ ✅聽力練習【Mountain Features 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YiUL3eJ0FO4 TPO 02 The Origins Of Cetaceans 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Cetacea, dolphins, porpoises, and whales 】： https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Cetacea/ ✅聽力練習【Cetaceans, the Giants of the Open Ocean 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLdO9MBI7eQ TPO 03 The Long-Term Stability Of Ecosystems 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stability】： https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/biodiversity-and-ecosystem-stability-17059965/ ✅聽力練習【Why is biodiversity important - with Sir David Attenborough | The Royal Society 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlWNuzrqe7U TPO 04 Deer Populations Of The Puget Sound 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Puget Sound】： https://www.britannica.com/place/Puget-Sound ✅聽力練習【A Deer Migration You Have to See to Believe | National Geographic 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIAyb-1uwTg TPO 05 Minerals And Plants 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【How plants absorb nutrients 】： https://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/understanding-plants/how-plants-absorb-nutrients ✅聽力練習【 Plant Nutrition: Mineral Absorption | Part 1 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iphOwk3yn10 TPO 05 The Cambrian Explosion 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【What Sparked the Cambrian Explosion?】： https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-sparked-the-cambrian-explosion1/ ✅聽力練習【 What caused the Cambrian explosion? 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNtQwUO9ff8 TPO 08 Extinction Of The Dinosaurs 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Why did the dinosaurs go extinct? 】： https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/dinosaur-extinction ✅聽力練習【What Exactly Killed The Dinosaurs? | Earth | BBC Earth Science 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGu6ZPyKyJ0 TPO 09 The Arrival Of Plant Life In Hawaii 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The History and Culture of Hawaiian Botany 】： https://botanicalworld.com/2023/05/24/the-history-and-culture-of-hawaiian-botany/ ✅聽力練習【Explore the Valley Protecting Hawaii’s Ancient Plants 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObJHzwu9EWA TPO 11 Begging By Nestlings 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Nesting Cycle 】： https://nestwatch.org/learn/general-bird-nest-info/nesting-cycle/ ✅聽力練習【Big Brother Eviction Cuckoo Style | Natural World | BBC Earth 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgIL8dbSMUA TPO 11 Orientation And Navigation 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Bird migration is one of nature’s great wonders. Here’s how they do it. 】： https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/bird-migration-one-of-natures-wonders-heres-how-they-do-it ✅聽力練習【Thousands of Cranes Take Flight in One of Earth's Last Great Migrations | National Geographic 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COkT0Rx9gEI TPO 13 Biological Clocks 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Everything to Know About Your Circadian Rhythm 】： https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sleep/circadian-rhythm#how-it-works ✅聽力練習【How does your body know what time it is? - Marco A. Sotomayor s 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y8ZXOfWUbms TPO 15 A Warm blooded Turtle 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 leatherback turtles 】： https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/leatherback-turtle ✅聽力練習【Protecting leatherback turtles - Blue Planet II: Episode 7 Preview - BBC One 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_e5dznx0kw TPO 15 Mass Extinctions 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【What are mass extinctions, and what causes them? 】： https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/mass-extinction ✅聽力練習【何時會發生下一次生物大滅絕？ - Borths，D'Emic 及 Pritchard 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAdNCIIYXvo TPO 17 Animal Signals In The Rainforest 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 The amazing ways animals communicate with each other 】： https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/zd9rdnb ✅聽力練習【 Rainforests 101 | National Geographic 】 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vijLre760w TPO 17 Symbiotic Relationships 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【17.4A: Symbiosis】： https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/17%3A_Ecology/17.04%3A_Interactions_between_Species/17.4A%3A_Symbiosis ✅聽力練習【互利共生 (Symbiosis): 一個驚奇的物種合作故事 - David Gonzales】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2AM3ARs9MMg TPO 19 Succession, Climax, and Ecosystems 📖參考連結: ✅ 延伸閱讀【Ecological succession, explained】： https://news.uchicago.edu/explainer/what-is-ecological-succession ✅聽力練習【Ecological succession | Biodiversity and human impacts | High school biology | Khan Academy 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7xbyNSxxrI TPO 20 Fossil Preservation 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Fossil】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/fossil/ ✅聽力練習【Fossils 101 | National Geographic 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bRuSmxJo_iA 22 Spartina 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Ecosystem Invaders: Spartina 】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/ecosystem-invaders-spartina/ ✅聽力練習【smooth cord grass / salt marsh cord grass (Spartina alterniflora) 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6bCb2OJzfY TPO 25 The Evolutionary Origin of Plants 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The origin of plants: Body plan changes contributing to a major evolutionary radiation】： https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.97.9.4535 ✅聽力練習【The Evolution of early Plants 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDHdjTFk0nQ TPO 26 Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert Conditions 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Desert Adaptations: 8 strategies plants and animals use to survive in the desert! 】： https://wildearthlab.com/2023/06/28/desert-adaptations/ ✅聽力練習【Nature's fortress: How cacti keep water in and predators out 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9Szzb2YBXY TPO 27 Predator-Prey Cycles 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Ecosystems and biodiversity - AQA Synergy Predator-prey cycles 】： https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zwgbpbk/revision/2 ✅聽力練習【 Predator prey cycle | Ecology | Khan Academy 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYq2078_xqc TPO 28 Buck Rubs and Buck Scrapes 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Rubs Versus Scrapes: What’s the Difference? 】： https://crossbowmagazine.com/rubs-versus-scrapes-whats-the-difference/ ✅聽力練習【How To Read And Hunt Buck Rubs And Scrapes 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aItWoI3adV8 TPO 29 Competition 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Adaptations, interdependence and competition - Competition in animals 】： https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9pd6yc/revision/7 ✅聽力練習【Greatest Fights In The Animal Kingdom: Part 1 | BBC Earth 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ss5S3yiGxg8 TPO 30 Role of Play in Development 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The Importance of Play for Child Development 】： https://www.counsellinginmelbourne.com.au/importance-of-play-for-child-development/ ✅聽力練習【Inside the minds of animals - Bryan B Rasmussen 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDJ8xyQjyhM TPO 30 The Pace of Evolutionary Change 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The pace of evolution 】： https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolution-101/the-big-issues/the-pace-of-evolution/ ✅聽力練習【The Evolutionary Epic: Crash Course Big History #5 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92oHNd8vFwo TPO 31 Speciation in Geographically Isolated Populations 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【speciation 】： https://www.britannica.com/science/speciation ✅聽力練習【Speciation: An Illustrated Introduction 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yvEDqrc3XE TPO 32 Distributions of Tropical Bee Colonies 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The risks and dangers of bee extinction 】： https://www.fairplanet.org/story/the-risks-and-dangers-of-bee-extinction/ ✅聽力練習【Bee extinction: Why we're saving the wrong bees 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSYgDssQUtA TPO 32 Plant Colonization 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Plant colonization, succession and ecosystem development on Surtsey with reference to neighbouring islands 】： https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/11/5521/2014/ ✅聽力練習【3_4 The Colonization of Land by Plants 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5E2T3BrpPk&t=335s TPO 33 Extinction Episodes of the Past 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【K-Pg Boundary “Cretaceous–Paleogene Boundary” 】： https://www.geologypage.com/2019/03/k-pg-boundary-cretaceous-paleogene-boundary.html ✅聽力練習【The K-PG Boundary and Dinosaur Extinction (aka "K-T Boundary") 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIgVkbgm4cU TPO 40 Amphibian Thermoregulation 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Reptiles and amphibians inthermoreception inThermoreceptors in vertebrates 】： https://www.britannica.com/science/thermoreception/Reptiles-and-amphibians ✅聽力練習【What are the characteristics of Amphibians? 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKN0Z1rIcMo TPO 40 Latitude and Biodiversity 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Latitudinal Diversity Gradient (The LDG) 】： https://evolution.berkeley.edu/visualizing-life-on-earth/introducing-the-ldg/ ✅聽力練習【Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity | Biodiversity and conservation | Biology | Khan Academy 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Hh_0AFi9Pc TPO 42 Explaining Dinosaur Extinction 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Why did the dinosaurs go extinct? 】： https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/dinosaur-extinction ✅聽力練習【Why the Dinosaurs’ Extinction is an Ongoing Puzzle | Nat Geo Explores 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsTXZuPKuAU TPO 42 Geographic Isolation of Species 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【geographic isolation 】： https://www.genscript.com/biology-glossary/9824/geographic-isolation ✅聽力練習【Geographic Isolation 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oK-ntUcnobM TPO 44 From Fish to Terrestrial Vertebrates 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【12.7: Vertebrate Evolution 】： https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Introductory_Biology_(CK-12)/12%3A_Vertebrates/12.07%3A_Vertebrate_Evolution ✅聽力練習【How Fish Came on to Land 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7rN3_tSb7g TPO 44 Seagrasses 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【How Helper Sharks Discovered the World’s Largest Seagrass Ecosystem】： https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/how-helper-sharks-discovered-the-worlds-largest-seagrass-ecosystem/ ✅聽力練習【Seagrass and the Ecosystem | When Sharks Attack 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CeaXdB4orFE TPO 45 Feeding Strategies in the Ocean 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The Food Web of the Deep Sea 】： https://www.naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-food-web#google_vignette ✅聽力練習【Diet secrets of the deep 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbGtPGFXEVc&t=80s TPO 46 Ecosystem Diversity and Stability 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【What Is Biodiversity? 】： https://www.amnh.org/research/center-for-biodiversity-conservation/what-is-biodiversity ✅聽力練習【why is biodiversity so important 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GK_vRtHJZu4 TPO 47 – Termite Ingenuity 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Termite‘s Evolution, paleontology, and classification】： https://www.britannica.com/animal/termite/Evolution-paleontology-and-classification ✅聽力練習【Termite Queen Lays Millions of Eggs | National Geographic 】： https://youtube.com/watch?v=MO5Fd54Ap_k TPO 47 Coral Reefs 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Coral Reefs 】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/coral-reefs/ ✅聽力練習【Coral Reefs 101 | National Geographic 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZiULxLLP32s TPO 48 Determining Dinosaur Diet 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 The Dynamic Diet of Dinosaurs 】： https://www.scienceworld.ca/stories/the-dynamic-diet-of-dinosaurs/ ✅聽力練習【What The Dinosaurs Ate and Why 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWuxlXMywa8 TPO 53 Rain Forest Soils 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【SOILS and NUTRIENT CYCLING IN THE RAINFOREST 】： https://worldrainforests.com/0502.htm ✅聽力練習【Nutrient Cycling | Soil Food Web School 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NVhY4ssMtbI TPO 54 Elements of Life 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Matter, elements, and atoms 】： https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/elements-of-life/a/matter-elements-atoms-article ✅聽力練習【Elemental building blocks of biological molecules 】： https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/elements-of-life/v/elemental-building-blocks-of-biological-molecules TPO 54 Overkill of the North American Megafauna 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Overkill, glacial history, and the extinction of North America’s Ice Age megafauna 】： https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2015032117 ✅聽力練習【What Was North America Like During The Ice Age? 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQ-sWeOqAS0 TPO 57 The Debate over Spontaneous Generation 📖參考連結: ✅聽力練習【Louis Pasteur - Scientist | Mini Bio | BIO】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OXdbQ1JkX7c 【Pasteur's Experiment】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5nbU_V1STk TPO 58 Pinyon Pines and Pinyon Jays 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Pinyon Pine and Pinyon Jay】： https://www.grandcanyontrust.org/blog/pinyon-pine-and-pinyon-jay 【The Intimate Relationship Between Pinyon Jays and Piñon Pines Is Unraveling】： https://www.audubon.org/magazine/winter-2022/the-intimate-relationship-between-pinyon-jays-and TPO 62 Plant Adaptations to Cool Environments 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【supercooling and frost hardening】： https://www.purdue.edu/fnr/extension/what-do-trees-do-in-the-winter/ TPO 62 Plant Adaptations to Cool Environments 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【What do Trees Do in the Winter?】： https://www.purdue.edu/fnr/extension/what-do-trees-do-in-the-winter/ TPO 65 The Pit Organs of Snakes 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Snakes’ Flexible, Heat-Sensing Organs Explained 】： https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/snakes-flexible-heat-sensing-organs-explained/ ✅聽力練習【How do Snakes See | Seeing Infrared with their Pit Organ 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dXjTzXivpVo TPO 66 What is Coral? 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【What are corals?】 https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_corals/coral01_intro.html ✅聽力練習【What Exactly Is Coral? 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkkfAzswGI8 TPO 67 Taxonomy of Organisms 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Classification Systems 】： https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/taxonomy ✅聽力練習【How Are Organisms Classified? | Evolution | Biology | FuseSchool】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnvlMlopu2A TPO 69 Why Snakes Have Forked Tongues 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Why Do Snakes Have Forked Tongues? 】： https://www.thescienceexplorer.com/why-do-snakes-have-forked-tongues-337 ✅聽力練習【The Twisted Truth About Snake Tongues | Deep Look 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6jDsPXmo2I 生理學 TPO 18 The Mystery Of Yawning 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Facts About Yawning: Why We Do It, How to Stop, and More】： https://www.healthline.com/health/why-do-we-yawn ✅聽力練習【 Why is yawning contagious? - Claudia Aguirre 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NpG4F9yq00 TPO 24 Breathing During Sleep 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Understanding Your Respiratory Rate While Sleeping 】： https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-apnea/sleep-respiratory-rate ✅聽力練習【Art of Breathing | Tina Sodhi | TEDxWabashCollege 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9FtyvRTWITY&t=2s 生態學 TPO 56 Urban Heat Islands 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Urban Heat Island 】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/urban-heat-island/ ✅聽力練習【 What is an urban heat island? 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Wevbkcg43g TPO 61 Grasses of the Prairie 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Native Prairie Grasses】： https://www.prairieoriginals.com/index.php?page=grasses ✅聽力練習【The Prairie Dog Life | Destination WILD 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q05A6WJZ6ng&t=1s TPO 66 Visions of the Land 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The Pilgrims】： https://www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/pilgrims ✅聽力練習【The First Thanksgiving | THE PILGRIMS | American Experience | PBS 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItrKU0KaoPo TPO 68 Predicting Volcanic Eruptions 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Can Scientists Forecast Volcanic Eruptions?】： https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientists-inch-toward-better-volcanic-eruption-forecasting1/ ✅聽力練習【Can We Predict Volcanic Eruptions? 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zkbnn7SVATE TPO 69 Pacific Ecosystems 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Island ecosystem 】： https://thewonderfulwildlifeofsamloem.wordpress.com/island-ecosystem/ ✅聽力練習【Biodiversity and ecosystem health: a Hawaiian Islands case study | Khan Academy】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bmiVVgF9Hjw TPO 70 Nineteenth-Century Theories of Mountain Formation 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Continental Drift 】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/continental-drift/ ✅聽力練習【The Theory of Continental Drift 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5q8hzF9VVE 環境 TPO 59 Dealing with Extreme Cold 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Temperature regulation strategies】： https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/ecology-ap/energy-flow-through-ecosystems/a/animal-temperature-regulation-strategies ✅聽力練習【Animals' Mechanism To Survive In Hot and Cold Temperatures】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JyCGVKFTZMw

⭐️ TPO 59 建築材料 Building Materials 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【建築材料 Building Materials 】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_material ✅聽力練習【基本建材 Basic Construction materials】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wOyQBVfM1eo&list=PLyqSpQzTE6M_RfjEQMK7_L-UvxAMhplUT

歷史 TPO 06 Powering The Industrial Revolution 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Industrial Revolution and Technology】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/industrial-revolution-and-technology/ ✅聽力練習【The Industrial Revolution: Crash Course European History #24】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjK7PWmRRyg TPO 07 Ancient Rome And Greece 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【History of Europe - Greeks, Romans, Barbarians】： https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Europe/Greeks-Romans-and-barbarians ✅聽力練習【Ancient Greece 101 | National Geographic】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bDrYTXQLu8&t=83s ✅聽力練習【Ancient Rome 101 | National Geographic】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXoEpNjgKzg&t=8s TPO 07 Agriculture, Iron, And The Bantu Peoples 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【South Africa - Iron Age, Bantu, Khoisan】： https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Africa/The-Iron-Age ✅聽力練習【How the Bantus Permanently Changed the Face of Africa 2,000 Years Ago (History of the Bantu Peoples)】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2CkqHdkUcI TPO 08 The Rise Of Teotihuacan 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacan】： https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/414/ ✅聽力練習【Teotihuacan】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=taCxra5ezKg&t=28s TPO 10 Seventeenth-Century European Economic Growth 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The Economy of Europe in an Age of Crisis, 1600-1750】： https://eh.net/book_reviews/the-economy-of-europe-in-an-age-of-crisis-1600-1750/ ✅聽力練習【The 17th Century Crisis: Crash Course European History #11】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmKHYpC_jVs TPO 14 Pastoralism In Ancient Inner Eurasia 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【pastoralism】： https://www.britannica.com/topic/pastoralism ✅聽力練習【What is Pastoralism? | Pastoralism in Anthropology | Pastoralism Types, Risks, Challenges, & More!】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTJki9i-PdQ TPO 16 Development Of The Periodic Table 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Development of the periodic table】： https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/history/about ✅聽力練習【The genius of Mendeleev’s periodic table 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPnwBITSmgU TPO 16 Trade And The Ancient Middle East 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Ancient Middle East - Science, Law, Trade】： https://www.britannica.com/place/ancient-Middle-East/Science-and-law ✅聽力練習【The Silk Road: Connecting the ancient world through trade - Shannon Harris Castelo】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vn3e37VWc0k TPO 17 Europe's Early Sea Trade With Asia 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【European exploration - Central Asia, Land Routes, Silk Road】： https://www.britannica.com/topic/European-exploration/The-land-routes-of-Central-Asia ✅聽力練習【The Age Of Exploration】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGeXtUZQScc TPO 18 Industrialization In The Netherlands and Scandinavia 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The Industrial Revolution - History of Europe】： https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Europe/The-Industrial-Revolution ✅聽力練習【The Industrial Revolution: Crash Course European History #24】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjK7PWmRRyg TPO 19 The Roman Army's Impact on Britain 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【How did the Romans change Britain?】： https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/z2dr4wx#zj89kty ✅聽力練習【How Did The Romans Change Britain? | History in a Nutshell | Animated History】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SajyHgJTy3E TPO 20 Westward Migration 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Westward Expansion】： https://www.history.com/topics/19th-century/westward-expansion ✅聽力練習【Westward Expansion: Crash Course US History #24】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q16OZkgSXfM TPO 21 The Origins of Agriculture 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Origins of agriculture | History, Types, Techniques, & Facts】： https://www.britannica.com/topic/agriculture ✅聽力練習【The Agricultural Revolution: Crash Course World History #1】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yocja_N5s1I TPO 23 Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【How the Netherlands Feeds the World】： https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/holland-agriculture-sustainable-farming ✅聽力練習【Dutch Golden Age: Crash Course European History #15】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35PinDPNPw0&t=83s TPO 24 Moving into Pueblos 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Pueblo Native Americans: Their History, Culture, and Traditions】： https://blog.nativehope.org/pueblo-native-americans-their-history-culture-and-traditions ✅聽力練習【Ancestral Puebloans】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eauhxTxPhIE TPO 25 The Decline of Venetian Shipping 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Venice - Maritime, Trade, Empire】： https://www.britannica.com/place/Venice/Zenith-of-power ✅聽力練習【Corruption, wealth and beauty: The history of the Venetian gondola - Laura Morelli 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5x5CnwQZD4 TPO 26 Energy and the Industrial Revolution 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Energy (R)evolution】： https://www.electrochem.org/energy-revolution/ ✅聽力練習【What was the Industrial Revolution?】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xpb9XKmRsyw TPO 26 Sumer and the First Cities of the Ancient Near East 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Sumer】： https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-middle-east/sumer ✅聽力練習【Sumerians and their Civilization Explained in 7 Minutes】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDJa2sLNYZs TPO 28 Early Saharan Pastoralists 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Pastoralism in Africa】： https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-1066?d=%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780190277734.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780190277734-e-1066&p=emailA%2F053gLnpw60A ✅聽力練習【Pastoral nomads in migration | SLICE】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jj7oK5PWsNg TPO 29 The History of Waterpower 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【History of Hydropower】： https://www.energy.gov/eere/water/history-hydropower ✅聽力練習【History of Hydro Power | What is Hydro Energy | History of water wheel】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZY_5RhSCgo TPO 30 The Invention of the Mechanical Clock 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【mechanical clock】： https://www.britannica.com/technology/mechanical-clock ✅聽力練習【 Who decides how long a second is? - John Kitching】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKms5a0nGO4 TPO 32 Railroads and Commercial Agriculture in History Nineteenth-Century United States 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Freight Rail & Agriculture】： https://www.aar.org/issue /freight-rail-agriculture-industry/ ✅聽力練習【The American Railroad: A History】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kisPKZqWHig TPO 32 Siam, 1851-1910 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【history of Thailand】： https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Thailand ✅聽力練習【THE HISTORY OF THAILAND in 10 minutes】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zo1e7XUWkME TPO 33 The First Civilizations 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【6 Early Human Civilizations】： https://www.history.com/news/first-earliest-human-civilizations ✅聽力練習【 Ancient Mesopotamia 101 | National Geographic 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVf5kZA0HtQ TPO 46 The Commercial Revolution in Medieval Europe 📖參考連結: ✅ 延伸閱讀【Commercial Revolution】： https://www.britannica.com/topic/Commercial-Revolution ✅聽力練習【The Middle Ages Explained in 10 minutes 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5AVPmAZ8o8 TPO 47 Roman Cultural Influence on Britain 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【How did the Romans change Britain?】： https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/z2dr4wx#zj89kty ✅聽力練習【How Did The Romans Change Britain? | History in a Nutshell | Animated History】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SajyHgJTy3E TPO 48 Chinese Population Growth 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【China's Population: Issues and Trends in China's Demographic History】： https://afe.easia.columbia.edu/special/china_1950_population.htm ✅聽力練習【Why China's population is shrinking】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmehUgOy5ok&t=1s TPO 49 Background for the Industrial Revolution 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Industrial Revolution 】： https://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution ✅聽力練習【The Industrial Revolution (18-19th Century)】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLhNP0qp38Q TPO 50 The Achievement of Brazilian Independence 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Independence of Brazil】： https://www.britannica.com/place/Brazil/Independence ✅聽力練習【The Animated History of Brazil】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaYcSBYgcK4&t=166s TPO 51 Memphis: United Egypt's First Capital 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Memphis】： https://www.britannica.com/place/Memphis-ancient-city-Egypthttps://www.britannica.com/place/Memphis-ancient-city-Egypt ✅聽力練習【The ENTIRE History of Egypt | Ancient Civilizations Documentary 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CskfvgEItPA TPO 51 Population Growth in Nineteenth-Century Europe 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Population change】： https://www.britannica.com/topic/modernization/Population-change ✅聽力練習【How Populations Grow and Change: Crash Course Geography #33 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JpAiBg0hrfQ TPO 52 Natufian Culture 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Natufian culture】： https://www.britannica.com/topic/Natufian-culture ✅聽力練習【 Incredible 14,300-Year-Old Major Natufian Settlement | Ancient Architects 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_q0TZtiw1M&t=246s TPO 53 Evidence of the Earliest Writing 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Sumerian writing 】： https://www.britannica.com/topic/writing/Sumerian-writing ✅聽力練習【 The ancient secrets revealed by deciphered tablets | BBC Ideas 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7QDGDh9KT_U TPO 54 The Commercialization of Lumber 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The US Lumber History You’ve Never Heard Before 】： https://www.connerindustries.com/us-lumber-history/ ✅聽力練習【 Log to Lumber - How American Lumber is Made 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7zJxMmfrVhI TPO 58 The Rise of Classic Maya Civilization 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Who were the Maya? Decoding the ancient civilization's secrets 】： https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/who-were-the-maya ✅聽力練習【 Ancient Maya 101 | National Geographic 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6eBJjdca14 TPO 60 The Revolution of Cheap Print 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【A brief history of printing. From the 15th century to today】： https://www.pixartprinting.co.uk/blog/brief-history-printing/ ✅聽力練習【The evolution of the book - Julie Dreyfuss】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YqYtdPUis4 TPO 62 The Use of Jade and Bronze in China 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Chinese jade】： https://www.britannica.com/art/Chinese-jade ✅聽力練習【The Mystery of the Jade Discs | National Geographic 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TujqxvovVQY TPO 63 The Sumerians and Regional Interdependence 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Sumer】： https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-middle-east/sumer ✅聽力練習【The rise and fall of history’s first empire - Soraya Field Fiorio 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBk9KywTIgk TPO 63 The Roman Empire 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The Roman Empire】： https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/ancient-medieval/roman-a/a/roman-empire ✅聽力練習【Ancient Rome 101 | National Geographic 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXoEpNjgKzg TPO 64 The Development of Complex Societies in Ancient Mexico 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 History of Mexico 】： https://www.history.com/topics/latin-america/history-of-mexico ✅聽力練習【The History of Mexico | History Lists | History 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ag7fpMIfJYA TPO 68 Salt and the Rise of Venice 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The History of Venice: Italy's Historic ‘Floating City’ 】： https://www.europeanwaterways.com/blog/history-of-venice/ ✅聽力練習【 History of a Mediterranean Superpower: The Rise of Venice 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZjsO8p9FlU TPO 69 Ancient Southwestern Cultures 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Native People of the American Southwest 】： https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/native-people-of-the-american-southwest ✅聽力練習【Native Peoples of the Southwest | Learn the history and culture of Native Peoples 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xP3ZJrh5tTQ TPO 70 The Development of Chinese Dynasties 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Imperial China's Dynasties 】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/imperial-chinas-dynasties/ ✅聽力練習【 All China's dynasties explained in 7 minutes 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFNzX3tYTXU TPO 71 Minoan Palaces 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Minoan Palatial Centres 】： https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5860/ ✅聽力練習【 The Ancient Mysteries Of The Minoan People | The Minotaur's Island 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJUpw_wd-7I 人類學 TPO 05 The Origins Of The Pacific Island People 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Pacific Islands - Exploration, Colonization, Trade】： https://www.britannica.com/place/Pacific-Islands/Early-period ✅聽力練習【The Peopling of the Pacific | The Last Great Human Expansion】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJ8P_G8amk4 TPO 09 Colonizing The Americas Via The Northwest Coast 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Coastal Migration】： https://www.nps.gov/subjects/oceans/coastal-migration.htm ✅聽力練習【The Story of Human Migration: Your Life in a Tooth | Carolyn Freiwald | TEDxUniversityofMississippi】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBuaxd1tz2w TPO 12 Which Hand Did They Use? 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Left-Handers Day: Amazing facts about lefties 】： https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/53739189 ✅聽力練習【Why are some people left-handed? - Daniel M. Abrams】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TGLYcYCm2FM TPO 68 Research into Aging and Extending Life Span 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Human life span】： https://www.britannica.com/science/life-span/Human-life-span ✅聽力練習【Longevity: can ageing be reversed?】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYr04ymjD1w

⭐️TPO 57 R1: 害蟲和殺蟲劑 Pests and Pesticides 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【10.4: 害蟲和殺蟲劑 10.4: Pests and Pesticides】： https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Environmental_Engineering_(Sustainability_and_Conservation)/Book%3A_Essentials_of_Environmental_Science_(CK-12)/10%3A_Untitled_Chapter_10/10.04%3A_New_Page ✅聽力練習【我們真的需要農藥嗎？ Do we really need pesticides?】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLllZ-qiXJA: ⭐️TPO 65 R3: 伊朗的畜牧業和農業 Pastoralism and Agriculture in Iran 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【伊朗南部的遊牧生活方式 Nomadic pastoralism in Southern Iran】: https://pastoralismjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/2041-7136-3-11 ✅聽力練習【游牧生活方式 Pastoralism】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ayHA5rkkew ⭐️TPO 67 R1: 作物工程 Crop Engineering 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【新一代作物工程 Next-generation crop engineering】： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-021-00890-5 ✅聽力練習【基因工程 Genetic engineering】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4fBQ2umTaMA ⭐️TPO 71 R3: 濕地水稻耕作的生產率 The Productivity of Wet Rice Farming 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【稻田 Paddy field】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddy_field ✅聽力練習【稻田的乾濕轉換的水分管理 The Alternate Wetting And Drying Water Management In Rice Field】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IvlkZBiaDBg

社會學 ⭐️ TPO 13 R1: 社會群體的類型 Types Of Social Groups 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【社會群體的類型 Types of social groups】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_social_groups ✅聽力練習【社會群體是什麼？What is Social group?】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cn2-dlZR9IM ⭐️ TPO 57 R3: 無聲電影中的敘事清晰度問題 The Problem of Narrative Clarity in Silent Films The Problem of Narrative Clarity in Silent Films 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【無聲電影 Silent film】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_film ✅聽力練習【電影史- 無聲時代 The History of Cinema- Silent Era】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYvZPCmeEO4 ⭐️ TPO 60 R1: 地下生活 Underground Life 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【地下生活 Underground Life?】： https://www.seti.org/underground-life ✅聽力練習【澳洲地下城的艱困生活 Life against the odds in Australia's underground tow】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8n9PbHXA6Lo ⭐️ TPO 62 R3: 感知發展是一個天生或在社交環境中習得的過程? Is Perceptual Development an Innate or Socially Acquired Process? 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【感知 - 以綜合的方式感知 Perception - Perceiving as synthesizing】： https://www.britannica.com/topic/perception/Perceiving-as-synthesizing ✅聽力練習【感知發展：視覺與聽覺 Perceptual Development: Visual and Auditory】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezJUpYrRW2s ⭐️ TPO 64 R2: 嬰兒的聽覺感知 Auditory Perception in Infancy 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【嬰兒知覺 Infant Perception】： https://www.britannica.com/topic/infant-perception ✅聽力練習【嬰兒言語知覺 infant speech perception】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSMjKDZvNWA ⭐️ TPO 66 R1 演員和觀眾 The Actor and the Audience 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【演員和觀眾 Actor and the Audience】： https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1931/09/actor-and-audience/650512/ ✅聽力練習【演員和觀眾的關係 Actor Audience Relationship】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PK2ZXrV1ITw ⭐️ TPO 70 R3: 功能主義 Functionalism 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【功能主義 Functionalism】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functionalism ✅聽力練習【功能主義 Functionalism】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-83vVeSC2_g 心理學 ⭐️ TPO 06 R3: 嬰兒經驗失憶 Infantile Amnesia 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【嬰兒經驗失憶是什麼？ What Is Infantile Amnesia?】： https://www.webmd.com/children/what-is-infantile-amnesia ✅聽力練習【為什麼你不記得嬰兒的時期？Why Can't You Remember Being a Baby?】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nHwQKT_muc ⭐️ TPO 21 R3: 自傳式記憶 Autobiographical Memory 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【自傳式記憶 Autobiographical Memory】： https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/autobiographical-memory ✅聽力練習【自傳式記憶 Autobiographical Memory】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d56fyWMh6bI ⭐️ TPO 13 R3: 研究嬰兒知覺的方法 Methods Of Studying Infant Perception 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【嬰兒知覺 Infant Perception】： https://www.britannica.com/topic/infant-perception ✅聽力練習【嬰兒知覺：身心發展 Infant Perception: Developmental Psyc, Physical Dev】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NamD514xbNY ⭐️ TPO 14 R1: 兒童與廣告 Children And Advertising 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【廣告：它是如何影響兒童和青少年的 Advertising: how it influences children and teenagers】： https://raisingchildren.net.au/toddlers/play-learning/screen-time-media/advertising-children ✅聽力練習【廣告如何重組孩子的大腦 How Advertising Rewires Kids' Brains】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hGN1ZEABk_Y

地球科學 TPO 04 Petroleum Resources 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Petroleum - National Geographic Education】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/petroleum/ ✅聽力練習【What Are Fossil Fuels? | National Geographic 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTnE0OQPTEo TPO 21 Geothermal Energy 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Geothermal Basics | Department of Energy】： https://www.energy.gov/eere/geothermal/geothermal-basics ✅聽力練習【Renewable Energy 101: How Does Geothermal Energy Work?】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7q653ffQO4 TPO 43 El Nino 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【What are El Niño and La Niña?】： https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ninonina.html ✅聽力練習【El Niño 101 | National Geographic】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6s0T0m3F8s TPO 43 The Origin of Petroleum 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Petroleum - National Geographic Education】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/petroleum/ ✅聽力練習【What Are Fossil Fuels? | National Geographic 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTnE0OQPTEo TPO 44 The Use of the Camera Obscura 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Camera obscura | Definition & Facts】： https://www.britannica.com/technology/camera-obscura-photography ✅聽力練習【Camera obscura】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mSYQVNrVbI TPO 45 Microscopes The Beringia Landscape 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Beringia | Definition, Map, Land Bridge, & History】： https://www.britannica.com/place/Beringia ✅聽力練習【How was Beringia formed?】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucyXl0TdSeM TPO 45 Wind pollination 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【People, Plants, and Pollinators】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/people-plants-and-pollinators/ ✅聽力練習【Pollination Explained 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dfvyoir_SCY TPO 48 Climate and Urban Development 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Urban Planning 】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/urban-planning/ ✅聽力練習【Urbanization and the evolution of cities across 10,000 years - Vance Kite 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKnAJCSGSdk TPO 49 Ancient Coastlines 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Paleoshorelines: Time capsules of the ocean’s ancient shorelines】： https://oceanbites.org/paleoshorelines-time-capsules-of-the-oceans-ancient-shorelines/ ✅聽力練習【How An Ancient Ocean Shaped US History 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=7FmNXq-dnV0 TPO 51 Surface Fluids on Venus and Earth 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Venus: Facts - NASA Science】： https://science.nasa.gov/venus/ ✅聽力練習【Venus 101 | National Geographic】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvXa1n9fjow&t=63s TPO 52 Stream Deposit 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Stream Deposit 】： https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/geology/running-water/stream-deposition ✅聽力練習【Erosion and Deposition - Earth Science for Kids! 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vphjWgeiGpc TPO 60 Earth’s Core 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Core - National Geographic Education】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/core/ ✅聽力練習【What's happening to Earth's core? - Shannon Odell】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLjdNXBZm3I 物理化學 ⭐️ TPO 61 R1: 礦物的物理性質 Physical Properties of Minerals 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【礦物的物理性質 Physical Properties of Minerals】： https://geologyscience.com/geology/physical-properties-of-minerals/ ✅聽力練習【礦物的物理性質 Physical Properties of Minerals】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QNTCKd_nfkc ⭐️TPO 71 R1: 海洋的電能 Electrical Energy from the Ocean 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【波力發電 Wave power】： https://www.britannica.com/science/wave-power ✅聽力練習【Wavepiston - 一種划算的和可持續性的波浪能系統 Wavepiston - a cost-efficient and sustainable wave energy system】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ScAgPhKIHU 氣象學 ⭐️ TPO 10 R2: 氣候變遷 Variations In The Climate 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【氣候變異度 Climate Variability】： https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/how-climate-works/climate-variability ✅聽力練習【氣候變異性和氣候變化。有什麼區別？Climate variability and climate change: What is the difference?】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zL83rDrS8Echttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zL83rDrS8Ec ⭐️ TPO 18 R3: 閃電 Lightning 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【閃電的基本原理 Lightning Basics】： https://www.nssl.noaa.gov/education/svrwx101/lightning/ ✅聽力練習【閃電科學 The Science of Lightning】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-0gNl5f4BU ⭐️ TPO 23 R1: 都市氣候 Urban Climates 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【都市氣候 Urban Climates】： https://www.britannica.com/science/urban-climate ✅聽力練習【CBC新聞。國家｜城市氣候變化CBC News: The National | Urban climate change】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hd20ai00IZY 地質學 TPO 01 Groundwater 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Groundwater | Description & Importance】： https://www.britannica.com/science/groundwater ✅聽力練習【What Is Groundwater?】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNWAerr_xEE&t=168s TPO 02 Desert Formation 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Desert - National Geographic Education】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/desert/ ✅聽力練習【Deserts 101 | National Geographic】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4crvs-KTBw&t=15s TPO 03 Depletion Of The Ogallala Aquifer 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【What is the Ogallala Aquifer?】： https://nebraskacorn.gov/cornstalk/sustainability/aquifer-101/ ✅聽力練習【The Ogallala Aquifer 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXFsS94HF08 TPO 07 The Geologic History Of The Mediterranean 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Mediterranean Sea - Geology, Climate, Biodiversity】： https://www.britannica.com/place/Mediterranean-Sea/Physiographic-and-geologic-features ✅聽力練習【Why Mediterranean is important for THREE CONTINENTS? 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQW0xhRlZhY TPO 12 Water In The Desert 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Survival: Find Water in the Desert 】： https://www.backpacker.com/survival/survival-skills/finding-food-and-water/survival-find-water-in-a-desert/ ✅聽力練習【How To Find Water If You're Ever Stuck In A Desert 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LqFCF2kmkI TPO 14 Maya Water Problems 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Technology, Rainwater, and Survival of the Maya】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/technology-rainwater-survival-maya/ ✅聽力練習【Ancient Maya 101 | National Geographic】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6eBJjdca14&t=8s TPO 15 Glacier Formation 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Glaciers: Moving Rivers of Ice】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/glacier-moving-rivers-ice/ ✅聽力練習【Climate 101: Glaciers | National Geographic 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJgpDyP9ewQ TPO 19 Discovering the Ice Ages 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Ice Age ‑ Definition & Timeline】： https://www.history.com/topics/pre-history/ice-age ✅聽力練習【When will the next ice age happen? - Lorraine Lisiecki 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4EZCy14te0&t=142s TPO 24 Lake Water 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Lake - National Geographic Education】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/lake/ ✅聽力練習【How the Great Lakes Were Formed 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dyGR8lNm10w TPO 27 The Formation of Volcanic Islands 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Geology of the Deep】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/geology-deep/ ✅聽力練習【Volcanic Islands | Geography for Kids | STEM Home Learning 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01I8gH9ff0E TPO 28 Groundwater 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Groundwater Basics | U.S. Geological Survey】： https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/groundwater-basics ✅聽力練習【What Is Groundwater?】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNWAerr_xEE TPO 31 Savanna Formation 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Savanna | African Grasslands, Wildlife & Climate - Britannica】： https://www.britannica.com/science/savanna ✅聽力練習【African Savannah – Virtual Field Trip】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQElFcAXlHU TPO 56 Alfred Wegener’s Theory of Continental Drift 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Continental Drift - National Geographic Education 】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/continental-drift/ ✅聽力練習【Continental Drift 101 | National Geographic 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wq9kLzm36h0

⭐️ TPO 08 R3: 火星上的流水 Running Water On Mars 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【火星表面有液態水。以下是科學家認為它消失的原因 Mars Had Liquid Water On Its Surface. Here's Why Scientists Think It Vanished】： https://www.npr.org/2021/09/22/1039288432/mars-liquid-water-surface-size-potassium-mass-space ✅聽力練習【NASA 在火星上發現液態水! NASA Find Liquid Water on Mars!】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3R7y-LI9n4 ⭐️ TPO 16 R3: 太陽系中的行星 Planets In Our Solar System 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【概述 - 我們的太陽系 Overview | Our Solar System】： https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/our-solar-system/overview/ ✅聽力練習【太陽系101 - 國家地理 Solar System 101 | National Geographic】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=libKVRa01L8 ⭐️ TPO 22 R3: 阿顏德隕石 The Allende Meteorite 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【阿顏德隕石 The Allende Meteorite】： https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%98%BF%E9%A1%8F%E5%BE%B7%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3 ✅聽力練習【阿顏德隕石打破了太陽系的神話｜太空新聞 Allende Meteorite Shatters Solar System Myths | Space News】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bT8IM3ZC5U ⭐️ TPO 25 R1: 火星表面 The surface of Mars 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【何為火星？ What Is Mars?】： https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-is-mars-58.html ✅聽力練習【在火星表面上行駛 Driving on the Surface of Mars】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQ365jzwk5w ⭐️ TPO 41 R2: 金星的氣候 Climate of Venus 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【金星 Venus】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus ✅聽力練習【金星101 | 國家地理 Venus 101 | National Geographic】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvXa1n9fjow ⭐️ TPO 42 R3: 木衛四和木衛三 Callisto and Ganymede 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【第37章木衛四和木衛三 - Chapter 37 - Ganymede and Callisto】： https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124158450000372 ✅聽力練習【木星的衛星：天文學速成班 Jupiter's Moons: Crash Course Astronomy 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HaFaf7vbgpE ⭐️ TPO 50 R3: 恆星的死亡 Star Death 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【恆星的死亡 The Death of a Star】： https://science.howstuffworks.com/star6.htm ✅聽力練習【恆星的生與死。白矮星、超新星、中子星和黑洞 The Life and Death of Stars: White Dwarfs, Supernovae, Neutron Stars, and Black Holes】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xIQGbYur9Q ⭐️ TPO 63 R2: 彗星的結構和構成 Structure and Composition of Comets 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【彗星：結構和構成Comet: Structure and composition】： https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/1-4020-4520-4_81 ✅聽力練習【彗星介紹 - 彗星是如何形成的以及彗星是如何運作的 Introduction to Comets - How They Form and How Comets Work】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-oA44WL6P6k

人類考古學

藝術

生命科學

建築學

人文科學

農業學

社會科學

自然科學

天文學