⭐️ TPO 04 L4: 拉爾夫·沃爾多·愛默生的散文 Emerson's Essay 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【拉爾夫·沃爾多·愛默生 Ralph Waldo Emerson 】： https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E7%88%B1%E9%BB%98%E7%94%9F ✅聽力練習【拉爾夫·沃爾多·愛默生的《自立》 Self-Reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-pEhC3345JE ⭐️ TPO 05 L4: 民間故事和童話故事 Folk Tales and Fairy Tales 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【童話故事與民間故事。有什麼區別？Fairy Tales vs. Folktales: What’s the Difference? 】： https://www.masterclass.com/articles/fairy-tales-vs-folktales-whats-the-difference-plus-fairy-tale-writing-prompts ✅聽力練習【傳統文學：民間故事、童話和寓言Traditional Literature: Folktales, Fairytales, and Fables】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eaVh8yGbXNc ⭐️ TPO 06 L3: 創造虛構的人物 To create fictional characters 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【如何養成小說中的人物：角色養成的8個技巧】： https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-develop-fictional-characters ✅聽力練習【創造迷人的角色 Creating Captivating Characters】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hrkY3WrJ_v8 ⭐️ TPO 20 L3: 不同類型的民間故事 Different Types of folktale 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【什麼是民間故事？ What are Folktales?】： https://study.com/learn/lesson/folktale-characteristics-types.html ✅聽力練習【民間故事的種類】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7baRK_ioxhA ⭐️TPO 43 L3: 蘇斯博士的文學和藝術方法 The literary and artistic approach of Theodor Seuss Geisel 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【蘇斯博士 Dr. Seuss 】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Seuss ✅聽力練習【蘇斯博士：真正的蘇斯博士 Theodor Seuss Geisel: The Real Dr. Seuss】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sz4U_fGXH0c ⭐️ TPO 47 L1: 《艾那尼》Hernani 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【《艾那尼》戲劇 Hernani (drama)】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernani_(drama) ✅聽力練習【雨果的《艾那尼》Hernani by Victor Hugo read by | Full Audio Book】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5EebH-arH8 ⭐️ TPO 50 L3: 強調寫實主義的原因和特色 To highlight realism's causes and characteristics 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【寫實主義 realism】： https://www.britannica.com/art/realism-art ✅聽力練習【寫實主義的特徵 The Characteristics of Realism】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kh6tC2qp9Zg

⭐️ TPO 02 L2: 行為主義 Behaviorism 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【什麼是行為主義 What Is Behaviorism?】： https://www.verywellmind.com/behavioral-psychology-4157183 ✅聽力練習【行為主義：巴夫洛夫、華生和史金納 Behaviorism: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvVaTy8mQrg ⭐️ TPO 10 L4: 童年失憶症 Childhood Amnesia 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【童年失憶症 Childhood Amnesia】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childhood_amnesia ✅聽力練習【為什麼人無法記住自己出生的時候呢？Why Can't People Remember Being Born?】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wcn1KXKlfA ⭐️ TPO 14 L1: 知覺 Perception 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【知覺 Perception】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception ✅聽力練習【感覺和知覺：心理學速成班 Sensation and Perception: Crash Course Psychology】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=unWnZvXJH2o ⭐️ TPO 15 L1: 認知錯誤問卷 The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【認知錯誤和意外 Cognitive failures and accidents】： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/acp.2350040405 ✅聽力練習【以認知的原因了解我們為什麼會忘記 COGNITIVE REASONS FOR WHY WE FORGET:】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KzUoadGCVmg ⭐️ TPO 28 L1: 基礎主義理論 Foundationalism 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【基礎主義理論 Foundationalism】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundationalism ✅聽力練習【什麼是基礎主義理論 What is Foundationalism?】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3znMajU8hM0 ⭐️ TPO 43 L2: 概數感 Approximate Number Sense 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【概數感 Approximate Number Sense】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximate_number_system ✅聽力練習【數感是否就代表了數字？ Does the number sense represent number?】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2h2skyUXV4 ⭐️ TPO 65 L2: 心理彈性 Psychological resilience 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【心理彈性 Psychological resilience】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_resilience ✅聽力練習【什麼是心理彈性？What is PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE? 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OF5_rT6tQw

⭐️ TPO 56 C1: 主修哲學的工作問題 The job’s problem of majoring in philosophy 📖參考連結: ✅【哲學學位能做的工作是什麼呢? What Can You Do With a Degree in Philosophy?】： https://www.gmercyu.edu/academics/learn/philosophy-major-jobs ✅聽力練習【哲學學位能做的工作是什麼呢? What can you do with a philosophy degree?】: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qjuhF-sw_w

⭐️ TPO 02 L6: 小行星帶的發現 Discovery of Asteroid Belt 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【小行星帶：事實與形成 Asteroid Belt: Facts & Formation】： https://www.space.com/16105-asteroid-belt.html ✅聽力練習【起源：小行星帶 Origin of the Asteroid Belt】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5UUrDEDxtY8 ⭐️ TPO 03 L4: 光譜學 Spectroscopy 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【光譜學 Spectroscopy】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectroscopy ✅聽力練習【光譜學介紹 Introduction to Spectroscopy】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYseY0y2tgg ⭐️ TPO 05 L3: 南極艾特肯盆地 SPA Basin 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【南極艾特肯盆地 SPA Basin】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Pole%E2%80%93Aitken_basin ✅聽力練習【南側的「南極-艾特肯盆地」taking the southern side of "South Pole-Aitken Basin" 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zk9e-xE7n0c ⭐️ TPO 13 L4: 隕石 Meteorite 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【隕石 Meteorite】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorite ✅聽力練習【隕石是什麼？What is a Meteorite?】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cv82yiksbl8 ⭐️ TPO 14 L3: 航海和航海術 Navigation and Seafaring 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【航海的歷史 History of navigation】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_navigation ✅聽力練習【早期水手如何在海洋上導航？How did early Sailors navigate the Oceans?】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DlNhbkPiYY ⭐️ TPO 18 L1: 太陽黑子 The Sunspot 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【太陽黑子 Sunspot】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspot ✅聽力練習【什麼是太陽黑子？What Are Sunspots?】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZC2dfDS8g0Q ⭐️ TPO 19 L2: 無線電波和光學波 Radio Waves and Optical Waves 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【光波與無線電波 LIGHT AND RADIO WAVES】： http://teacher.pas.rochester.edu/phy122/lecture_notes/Chapter36/chapter36.html ✅聽力練習【無線電波 Radio Waves 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ldnh0XlMVc0 ⭐️TPO 21 L1: 地心和日心說 Geocentric & Heliocentric Theory 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【地心說和日心說的差異 Difference Between Geocentric and Heliocentric】： http://www.differencebetween.net/language/words-language/difference-between-geocentric-and-heliocentric/ ✅聽力練習【宇宙的地心說和日心說範例 Geocentric vs Heliocentric Model of the Universe】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S13Sr-H7TWI ⭐️ TPO 22 L2: 年輕太陽黯淡佯謬 Faint Young Sun Paradox 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【年輕太陽黯淡佯謬 Faint Young Sun Paradox】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faint_young_Sun_paradox ✅聽力練習【年輕太陽黯淡佯謬：太陽風暴可能對地球上的生命起的關鍵作用 The Faint Young Star Paradox: Solar Storms May Have Been Key to Life on Earth】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3qohnUC_JaQ ⭐️ TPO 24 L4: 金星的盾狀火山 Shield Volcanoes on Venus 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【金星上的火山活動 Volcanism on Venus】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanism_on_Venus ✅聽力練習【在30年前的影像中發現金星上的活火山！Active Volcanoes On Venus Found in 30 Year Old Images!】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xs5CXaTjAwY ⭐️ TPO 26 L3: 彗星 Comets 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【彗星 Comet】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet ✅聽力練習【什麼是彗星？WHAT IS A COMET?】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6LxK6sytAU ⭐️ TPO 30 L3: 黃鉀鐵礬 Jarosite 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【黃鉀鐵礬 Jarosite】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarosite ✅聽力練習【地球上發現的火星礦物黃鉀鐵礬 Martian Mineral Jarosite Found on Earth】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXR5Wg0N01I ⭐️TPO 41 L4: 具有某些地球特徵的外行星 Exoplanets that share certain characteristics with Earth 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The 10 most Earth-like exoplanets 十大類地外行星】： https://www.space.com/30172-six-most-earth-like-alien-planets.html ✅聽力練習【15 Earth Like Exoplanets that May Support Life 15個可能孕育生命的類地外行星】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-RCtnrFDWd4 ⭐️TPO 42 L2: 介紹星系團分類系統 To introduce a classification system for galaxy clusters 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Galaxy classification 星系分類】： https://www.uwa.edu.au/study/-/media/Faculties/Science/Docs/Galaxy-classification.pdf ✅聽力練習【宇宙星系的分類 The Classification Of Galaxies】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BO9KBZaCn28 ⭐️ TPO 51 L4: 解釋為什麼一些人反對日心說 To explain why some people resisted the heliocentric theory 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【日心說 Heliocentrism】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliocentrism ✅聽力練習【地心說和日心說 Heliocentrism and Geocentrism】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZeS8h1t-uMA ⭐️ TPO 53 L4: 探討土星環形成的理論 To discuss theories about the formation of Saturn's rings 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【土星環是如何形成的？How did the rings of Saturn form? 】： https://nineplanets.org/questions/how-did-the-rings-of-saturn-form/ ✅聽力練習【土星是怎麼形成環 How Saturn Got Its Rings 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Bv8g5xBJSo ⭐️ TPO 57 L2: 行星和衛星表面的古老地質特徵如何透過痕跡數量判斷年齡 How old geologic features of planets and moons are by the number of marks on the surface 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【月球的地質特徵 Geological Characteristics of the Moon】： https://oxfordre.com/planetaryscience/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190647926.001.0001/acrefore-9780190647926-e-90;jsessionid=679B53C9E139C7F8EE3F3D0279207E83 ✅聽力練習【月球的地質特徵 Geological Characteristics of the Moon】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6AviDjR9mmo ⭐️ TPO 62 L2: 超新星的衝擊波 The shock waves from supernova 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【超新星震波 A Supernova's Shockwaves】： https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/a-supernovas-shockwaves ✅聽力練習【哈伯望遠鏡捕捉到進化超新星的三個面貌 Hubble Captures 3 Faces of Evolving Supernova】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUII8bf9jgw

⭐️ TPO 40 R1: 古希臘雅典 Ancient Athens 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【雅典歷史 History of Athens】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Athens ✅聽力練習【古雅典人一天的生活 A day in the life of an ancient Athenian】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ar8S6virCwM ⭐️TPO 41 R3: 貿易與早期國家形成 Trade and Early State Formation 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【古代世界中的貿易 Trade in the Ancient World】： https://www.worldhistory.org/collection/39/trade-in-the-ancient-world/ ✅聽力練習【歷史上最古老的商人 Oldest Businessmen in History】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5p6EL-a0v60 ⭐️TPO 43 R1: 亞歷山大大帝的帝國 The Empire of Alexander the Great 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【亞歷山大大帝 Alexander the Great】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great ✅聽力練習【亞歷山大大帝 Alexander the Great】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0LsrkWDCvxg ⭐️ TPO 46 R1: 文字的起源 The Origins of Writing 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【文字是如何開始的？Where did writing begin?】： https://www.bl.uk/history-of-writing/articles/where-did-writing-begin ✅聽力練習【文字的歷史 The History of Writing】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyjLt_RGEww ⭐️ TPO 49 R2: 活字印刷 Movable Type 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【活字印刷 Movable Type】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movable_type ✅聽力練習【活字印刷排版 Movable Typeset】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1kOmdSIpCm4 ⭐️TPO 53 R3: 舊石器時代的洞穴壁畫 Paleolithic Cave Paintings 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【壁畫Cave painting】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_painting ✅聽力練習【洞穴藝術 Cave Art】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjejoT1gFOc ⭐️TPO 59 R3: 古希臘陶器 Ancient Greek Pottery 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【古希臘陶器 Pottery of ancient Greece】： https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Greece ✅聽力練習【古希臘陶器 Ancient Greek Pottery】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFMZZb7h2HQ ⭐️TPO 61 R2: 地球生命誕生時的條件 Conditions on Earth When Life Began 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【地球早期的生命 Early Life on Earth】： https://naturalhistory.si.edu/education/teaching-resources/life-science/early-life-earth-animal-origins ✅聽力練習【地球生命的完整歷史 The Whole History of the Earth and Life 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQ4CUw9RcuA ⭐️TPO 64 R1: 翼龍的特徵 Characteristics of Pterosaurs 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【翼龍 Pterosaurs】： https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/pterosauria.html ✅聽力練習【翼龍 Pterosaurs】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mfYuvlE78Nk ⭐️ TPO 65 R2: 早期對空氣的研究 Early Research on Air 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【空氣 air】： https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94 ✅聽力練習【空氣中有什麼？What’s in the air you breathe? 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEodej_M7TI ⭐️TPO 67 R2: 人類活動與考古紀錄 Human Activity and the Archaeological Record 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【考古學與人類進化 Archaeology and Human Evolution】： https://evolution-outreach.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1007/s12052-010-0246-9 ✅聽力練習【考古學是什麼 What is archaeology】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvc1xIyntC0

TPO 05 The Origins Of The Pacific Island People TPO 09 Colonizing The Americas Via The Northwest Coast TPO 12 Which Hand Did They Use? TPO 68 Research into Aging and Extending Life Span

TPO 01 Timberline Vegetation On Mountains TPO 02 The Origins Of Cetaceans TPO 03 The Long-Term Stability Of Ecosystems TPO 04 Deer Populations Of The Puget Sound TPO 05 Minerals And Plants TPO 05 The Cambrian Explosion TPO 08 Extinction Of The Dinosaurs TPO 09 The Arrival Of Plant Life In Hawaii TPO 11 Begging By Nestlings TPO 11 Orientation And Navigation TPO 13 Biological Clocks TPO 15 A Warm blooded Turtle TPO 15 Mass Extinctions TPO 17 Animal Signals In The Rain Forest TPO 17 Symbiotic Relationships TPO 19 Succession, Climax, and Ecosystems TPO 20 Fossil Preservation TPO 22 Spartina TPO 25 The Evolutionary Origin of Plants TPO 26 Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert Conditions TPO 27 Predator-Prey Cycles TPO 28 Buck Rubs and Buck Scrapes TPO 29 Compelilion TPO 30 Role of Play in Development TPO 30 The Pace of Evolutionary Change TPO 31 Speciation in Geographically Isolated Populations TPO 32 Distributions of Tropical Bee Colonies TPO 32 Plant Colonization TPO 33 Extinction Episodes of the Past TPO 40 Amphibian Thermoregulation TPO 40 Latitude and Biodiversity TPO 42 Explaining Dinosaur Extinction TPO 42 Geographic Isolation of Species TPO 44 From Fish to Terrestrial Vertebrates TPO 44 Seagrasses TPO 45 Feeding Strategies in the Ocean TPO 46 Ecosystem Diversity and Stability TPO 47 - Termite Ingenuity TPO 47 Coral Reefs TPO 48 Determining Dinosaur Diet TPO 53 Rain Forest Soils TPO 54 Elements of Life TPO 54 Overkill of the North American Megafauna TPO 57 The Debate over Spontaneous Generation TPO 58 Pinyon Pines and Pinyon Jays TPO 62 Plant Adaptations to Cool Environments TPO 65 The Pit Organs of Snakes TPO 66 What is Coral? TPO 67 Taxonomy of Organisms TPO 69 Why Snakes Have Forked Tongues

⭐️ TPO 58 R1: 樂器的發展 The Development of Instrumental Music 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【文藝復興晚期和巴洛克時期的樂器和器樂的發展 The Development of Instruments and Instrumental Music in the Late Renaissance and Baroque Eras】： https://www.123helpme.com/essay/The-Development-of-Instruments-and-Instrumental-Music-255739 ✅聽力練習【文藝復興時期的古典音樂概論 Intro to the Renaissance Period of Classical Music】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyazCS-FKCU

藝術 TPO 01: 戲劇的起源 The Origins Of Theater 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Online Guide to the History of Theater 】： https://www.theaterseatstore.com/blog/theater-history-guide ✅聽力練習【What Is Theater? Crash Course Theater #1 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNWrOuwzax8 TPO 02: 早期電影院 Early Cinema 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【A very short history of cinema】： https://www.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/very-short-history-of-cinema ✅聽力練習【A Brief History of Film 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=utntGgcsZWI&t=4s TPO 03: 建築學 Architecture 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Architecture through the ages】： https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/discover/history/architecture/history-of-architecture ✅聽力練習【Architect Breaks Down 5 of the Most Common New York Apartments | Architectural Digest 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RL7BECNn-RI TPO 04: 歐洲洞穴藝術 Cave Art in Europe 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【cave art 】： https://www.britannica.com/art/cave-art ✅聽力練習【 The Dordogne, France: Lascaux's Prehistoric Cave Paintings - Rick Steves’ Europe Travel Guide 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnSq0c7jM-A TPO 10: 中國陶器 Chinese Pottery 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Chinese Porcelain 】： https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/content/chinese-porcelain ✅聽力練習【The History of Chinese Porcelain 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBKxT9Zhtg8 TPO 11: 古埃及雕塑 Ancient Egyptian Sculpture 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Egyptian Sculpture 】： https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/galleries/egyptian-sculpture ✅聽力練習【Ancient Egypt 101 | National Geographic】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hO1tzmi1V5g TPO 12: 電影從無聲到有聲 Transition To Sound In Film 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 From Silent Films to Talkies An Era of Change within American Cinema 】： https://thelapisucl.wordpress.com/2023/03/31/from-silent-films-to-talkies-an-era-of-change-within-american-cinema/ ✅聽力練習【The Evolution Of Cinema: From Silent Films To Blockbusters 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDkJxl7Nk74 TPO 22: 攝影起源The Birth of Photography 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【history of photography 】： https://www.britannica.com/technology/photography ✅聽力練習【The history of photography in 5 minutes 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JoxGEymA8ro TPO 23: 澳洲原住民的岩石藝術 Rock Art of the Australian Aborigines 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【First rock art 】： https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/first-rock-art ✅聽力練習【The Mystical Discoveries of the Aboriginal Rock Art of Australia 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CoXlN0KqoCw TPO 27: 古代近東手工藝品 Crafts in the Ancient Near East 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Ancient Near Eastern Art 】： https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/cavestocathedrals/part/ancient-near-east/ ✅聽力練習【TICE ART 1010 Ancient Near Eastern and Ancient Egyptian Art 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_8yPgC9zQc TPO 29: 羅馬陶器的特色 Characteristics of Roman Pottery 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Classical period (c. 480–c. 330 bce) in pottery in Western pottery 】： https://www.britannica.com/art/pottery/Classical-period-c-480-c-330-bce ✅聽力練習【Ancient Greek Pottery】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFMZZb7h2HQ TPO 41: 納瓦荷藝術 Navajo Art 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Navajo Art: Ancient to Modern Techniques 】： https://www.invaluable.com/blog/navajo-art/?srsltid=AfmBOoqzlADVtgSqPIX3iVJmqabtukboilprDsQFpLmASyYFgYIJgIWc ✅聽力練習【Navajo Weaving 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqqfJ4hjCCQ TPO 53: 舊石器時代洞穴壁畫 Paleolithic Cave Paintings 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【What Prehistoric Cave Paintings Reveal About Early Human Life 】： https://www.history.com/news/prehistoric-cave-paintings-early-humans ✅聽力練習【Cave Art 101 | National Geographic 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjejoT1gFOc&t=42s 音樂 TPO 58 R1: 樂器的發展 The Development of Instrumental Music 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【文藝復興晚期和巴洛克時期的樂器和器樂的發展 The Development of Instruments and Instrumental Music in the Late Renaissance and Baroque Eras】： https://www.123helpme.com/essay/The-Development-of-Instruments-and-Instrumental-Music-255739 ✅聽力練習【文藝復興時期的古典音樂概論 Intro to the Renaissance Period of Classical Music】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyazCS-FKCU

生物學 TPO 01 Timberline Vegetation On Mountains ✅延伸閱讀【Timberline 】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/timberline/ ✅聽力練習【Mountain Features 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YiUL3eJ0FO4 TPO 02 The Origins Of Cetaceans 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Cetacea, dolphins, porpoises, and whales 】： https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Cetacea/ ✅聽力練習【Cetaceans, the Giants of the Open Ocean 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLdO9MBI7eQ TPO 03 The Long-Term Stability Of Ecosystems 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stability】： https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/biodiversity-and-ecosystem-stability-17059965/ ✅聽力練習【Why is biodiversity important - with Sir David Attenborough | The Royal Society 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlWNuzrqe7U TPO 04 Deer Populations Of The Puget Sound 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Puget Sound】： https://www.britannica.com/place/Puget-Sound ✅聽力練習【A Deer Migration You Have to See to Believe | National Geographic 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIAyb-1uwTg TPO 05 Minerals And Plants 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【How plants absorb nutrients 】： https://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/understanding-plants/how-plants-absorb-nutrients ✅聽力練習【 Plant Nutrition: Mineral Absorption | Part 1 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iphOwk3yn10 TPO 05 The Cambrian Explosion 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【What Sparked the Cambrian Explosion?】： https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-sparked-the-cambrian-explosion1/ ✅聽力練習【 What caused the Cambrian explosion? 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNtQwUO9ff8 TPO 08 Extinction Of The Dinosaurs 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Why did the dinosaurs go extinct? 】： https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/dinosaur-extinction ✅聽力練習【What Exactly Killed The Dinosaurs? | Earth | BBC Earth Science 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGu6ZPyKyJ0 TPO 09 The Arrival Of Plant Life In Hawaii 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The History and Culture of Hawaiian Botany 】： https://botanicalworld.com/2023/05/24/the-history-and-culture-of-hawaiian-botany/ ✅聽力練習【Explore the Valley Protecting Hawaii’s Ancient Plants 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObJHzwu9EWA TPO 11 Begging By Nestlings 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Nesting Cycle 】： https://nestwatch.org/learn/general-bird-nest-info/nesting-cycle/ ✅聽力練習【Big Brother Eviction Cuckoo Style | Natural World | BBC Earth 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgIL8dbSMUA TPO 11 Orientation And Navigation 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Bird migration is one of nature’s great wonders. Here’s how they do it. 】： https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/bird-migration-one-of-natures-wonders-heres-how-they-do-it ✅聽力練習【Thousands of Cranes Take Flight in One of Earth's Last Great Migrations | National Geographic 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COkT0Rx9gEI TPO 13 Biological Clocks 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Everything to Know About Your Circadian Rhythm 】： https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sleep/circadian-rhythm#how-it-works ✅聽力練習【How does your body know what time it is? - Marco A. Sotomayor s 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y8ZXOfWUbms TPO 15 A Warm blooded Turtle 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 leatherback turtles 】： https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/leatherback-turtle ✅聽力練習【Protecting leatherback turtles - Blue Planet II: Episode 7 Preview - BBC One 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_e5dznx0kw TPO 15 Mass Extinctions 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【What are mass extinctions, and what causes them? 】： https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/mass-extinction ✅聽力練習【何時會發生下一次生物大滅絕？ - Borths，D'Emic 及 Pritchard 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAdNCIIYXvo TPO 17 Animal Signals In The Rainforest 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 The amazing ways animals communicate with each other 】： https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/zd9rdnb ✅聽力練習【 Rainforests 101 | National Geographic 】 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vijLre760w TPO 17 Symbiotic Relationships 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【17.4A: Symbiosis】： https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/17%3A_Ecology/17.04%3A_Interactions_between_Species/17.4A%3A_Symbiosis ✅聽力練習【互利共生 (Symbiosis): 一個驚奇的物種合作故事 - David Gonzales】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2AM3ARs9MMg TPO 19 Succession, Climax, and Ecosystems 📖參考連結: ✅ 延伸閱讀【Ecological succession, explained】： https://news.uchicago.edu/explainer/what-is-ecological-succession ✅聽力練習【Ecological succession | Biodiversity and human impacts | High school biology | Khan Academy 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7xbyNSxxrI TPO 20 Fossil Preservation 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Fossil】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/fossil/ ✅聽力練習【Fossils 101 | National Geographic 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bRuSmxJo_iA 22 Spartina 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Ecosystem Invaders: Spartina 】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/ecosystem-invaders-spartina/ ✅聽力練習【smooth cord grass / salt marsh cord grass (Spartina alterniflora) 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6bCb2OJzfY TPO 25 The Evolutionary Origin of Plants 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The origin of plants: Body plan changes contributing to a major evolutionary radiation】： https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.97.9.4535 ✅聽力練習【The Evolution of early Plants 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDHdjTFk0nQ TPO 26 Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert Conditions 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Desert Adaptations: 8 strategies plants and animals use to survive in the desert! 】： https://wildearthlab.com/2023/06/28/desert-adaptations/ ✅聽力練習【Nature's fortress: How cacti keep water in and predators out 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9Szzb2YBXY TPO 27 Predator-Prey Cycles 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Ecosystems and biodiversity - AQA Synergy Predator-prey cycles 】： https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zwgbpbk/revision/2 ✅聽力練習【 Predator prey cycle | Ecology | Khan Academy 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYq2078_xqc TPO 28 Buck Rubs and Buck Scrapes 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Rubs Versus Scrapes: What’s the Difference? 】： https://crossbowmagazine.com/rubs-versus-scrapes-whats-the-difference/ ✅聽力練習【How To Read And Hunt Buck Rubs And Scrapes 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aItWoI3adV8 TPO 29 Competition 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Adaptations, interdependence and competition - Competition in animals 】： https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9pd6yc/revision/7 ✅聽力練習【Greatest Fights In The Animal Kingdom: Part 1 | BBC Earth 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ss5S3yiGxg8 TPO 30 Role of Play in Development 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The Importance of Play for Child Development 】： https://www.counsellinginmelbourne.com.au/importance-of-play-for-child-development/ ✅聽力練習【Inside the minds of animals - Bryan B Rasmussen 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDJ8xyQjyhM TPO 30 The Pace of Evolutionary Change 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The pace of evolution 】： https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolution-101/the-big-issues/the-pace-of-evolution/ ✅聽力練習【The Evolutionary Epic: Crash Course Big History #5 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92oHNd8vFwo TPO 31 Speciation in Geographically Isolated Populations 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【speciation 】： https://www.britannica.com/science/speciation ✅聽力練習【Speciation: An Illustrated Introduction 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yvEDqrc3XE TPO 32 Distributions of Tropical Bee Colonies 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The risks and dangers of bee extinction 】： https://www.fairplanet.org/story/the-risks-and-dangers-of-bee-extinction/ ✅聽力練習【Bee extinction: Why we're saving the wrong bees 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSYgDssQUtA TPO 32 Plant Colonization 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Plant colonization, succession and ecosystem development on Surtsey with reference to neighbouring islands 】： https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/11/5521/2014/ ✅聽力練習【3_4 The Colonization of Land by Plants 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5E2T3BrpPk&t=335s TPO 33 Extinction Episodes of the Past 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【K-Pg Boundary “Cretaceous–Paleogene Boundary” 】： https://www.geologypage.com/2019/03/k-pg-boundary-cretaceous-paleogene-boundary.html ✅聽力練習【The K-PG Boundary and Dinosaur Extinction (aka "K-T Boundary") 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIgVkbgm4cU TPO 40 Amphibian Thermoregulation 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Reptiles and amphibians inthermoreception inThermoreceptors in vertebrates 】： https://www.britannica.com/science/thermoreception/Reptiles-and-amphibians ✅聽力練習【What are the characteristics of Amphibians? 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKN0Z1rIcMo TPO 40 Latitude and Biodiversity 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Latitudinal Diversity Gradient (The LDG) 】： https://evolution.berkeley.edu/visualizing-life-on-earth/introducing-the-ldg/ ✅聽力練習【Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity | Biodiversity and conservation | Biology | Khan Academy 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Hh_0AFi9Pc TPO 42 Explaining Dinosaur Extinction 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Why did the dinosaurs go extinct? 】： https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/dinosaur-extinction ✅聽力練習【Why the Dinosaurs’ Extinction is an Ongoing Puzzle | Nat Geo Explores 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsTXZuPKuAU TPO 42 Geographic Isolation of Species 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【geographic isolation 】： https://www.genscript.com/biology-glossary/9824/geographic-isolation ✅聽力練習【Geographic Isolation 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oK-ntUcnobM TPO 44 From Fish to Terrestrial Vertebrates 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【12.7: Vertebrate Evolution 】： https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Introductory_Biology_(CK-12)/12%3A_Vertebrates/12.07%3A_Vertebrate_Evolution ✅聽力練習【How Fish Came on to Land 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7rN3_tSb7g TPO 44 Seagrasses 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【How Helper Sharks Discovered the World’s Largest Seagrass Ecosystem】： https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/how-helper-sharks-discovered-the-worlds-largest-seagrass-ecosystem/ ✅聽力練習【Seagrass and the Ecosystem | When Sharks Attack 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CeaXdB4orFE TPO 45 Feeding Strategies in the Ocean 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The Food Web of the Deep Sea 】： https://www.naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-food-web#google_vignette ✅聽力練習【Diet secrets of the deep 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbGtPGFXEVc&t=80s TPO 46 Ecosystem Diversity and Stability 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【What Is Biodiversity? 】： https://www.amnh.org/research/center-for-biodiversity-conservation/what-is-biodiversity ✅聽力練習【why is biodiversity so important 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GK_vRtHJZu4 TPO 47 – Termite Ingenuity 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Termite‘s Evolution, paleontology, and classification】： https://www.britannica.com/animal/termite/Evolution-paleontology-and-classification ✅聽力練習【Termite Queen Lays Millions of Eggs | National Geographic 】： https://youtube.com/watch?v=MO5Fd54Ap_k TPO 47 Coral Reefs 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Coral Reefs 】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/coral-reefs/ ✅聽力練習【Coral Reefs 101 | National Geographic 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZiULxLLP32s TPO 48 Determining Dinosaur Diet 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 The Dynamic Diet of Dinosaurs 】： https://www.scienceworld.ca/stories/the-dynamic-diet-of-dinosaurs/ ✅聽力練習【What The Dinosaurs Ate and Why 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWuxlXMywa8 TPO 53 Rain Forest Soils 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【SOILS and NUTRIENT CYCLING IN THE RAINFOREST 】： https://worldrainforests.com/0502.htm ✅聽力練習【Nutrient Cycling | Soil Food Web School 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NVhY4ssMtbI TPO 54 Elements of Life 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Matter, elements, and atoms 】： https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/elements-of-life/a/matter-elements-atoms-article ✅聽力練習【Elemental building blocks of biological molecules 】： https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life/elements-of-life/v/elemental-building-blocks-of-biological-molecules TPO 54 Overkill of the North American Megafauna 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Overkill, glacial history, and the extinction of North America’s Ice Age megafauna 】： https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2015032117 ✅聽力練習【What Was North America Like During The Ice Age? 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQ-sWeOqAS0 TPO 57 The Debate over Spontaneous Generation 📖參考連結: ✅聽力練習【Louis Pasteur - Scientist | Mini Bio | BIO】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OXdbQ1JkX7c 【Pasteur's Experiment】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5nbU_V1STk TPO 58 Pinyon Pines and Pinyon Jays 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Pinyon Pine and Pinyon Jay】： https://www.grandcanyontrust.org/blog/pinyon-pine-and-pinyon-jay 【The Intimate Relationship Between Pinyon Jays and Piñon Pines Is Unraveling】： https://www.audubon.org/magazine/winter-2022/the-intimate-relationship-between-pinyon-jays-and TPO 62 Plant Adaptations to Cool Environments 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【supercooling and frost hardening】： https://www.purdue.edu/fnr/extension/what-do-trees-do-in-the-winter/ TPO 62 Plant Adaptations to Cool Environments 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【What do Trees Do in the Winter?】： https://www.purdue.edu/fnr/extension/what-do-trees-do-in-the-winter/ TPO 65 The Pit Organs of Snakes 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【 Snakes’ Flexible, Heat-Sensing Organs Explained 】： https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/snakes-flexible-heat-sensing-organs-explained/ ✅聽力練習【How do Snakes See | Seeing Infrared with their Pit Organ 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dXjTzXivpVo TPO 66 What is Coral? 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【What are corals?】 https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_corals/coral01_intro.html ✅聽力練習【What Exactly Is Coral? 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkkfAzswGI8 TPO 67 Taxonomy of Organisms 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Classification Systems 】： https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/taxonomy ✅聽力練習【How Are Organisms Classified? | Evolution | Biology | FuseSchool】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnvlMlopu2A TPO 69 Why Snakes Have Forked Tongues 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Why Do Snakes Have Forked Tongues? 】： https://www.thescienceexplorer.com/why-do-snakes-have-forked-tongues-337 ✅聽力練習【The Twisted Truth About Snake Tongues | Deep Look 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6jDsPXmo2I 生理學 TPO 18 The Mystery Of Yawning 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Facts About Yawning: Why We Do It, How to Stop, and More】： https://www.healthline.com/health/why-do-we-yawn ✅聽力練習【 Why is yawning contagious? - Claudia Aguirre 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NpG4F9yq00 TPO 24 Breathing During Sleep 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Understanding Your Respiratory Rate While Sleeping 】： https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-apnea/sleep-respiratory-rate ✅聽力練習【Art of Breathing | Tina Sodhi | TEDxWabashCollege 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9FtyvRTWITY&t=2s 生態學 TPO 56 Urban Heat Islands 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Urban Heat Island 】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/urban-heat-island/ ✅聽力練習【 What is an urban heat island? 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Wevbkcg43g TPO 61 Grasses of the Prairie 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Native Prairie Grasses】： https://www.prairieoriginals.com/index.php?page=grasses ✅聽力練習【The Prairie Dog Life | Destination WILD 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q05A6WJZ6ng&t=1s TPO 66 Visions of the Land 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【The Pilgrims】： https://www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/pilgrims ✅聽力練習【The First Thanksgiving | THE PILGRIMS | American Experience | PBS 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItrKU0KaoPo TPO 68 Predicting Volcanic Eruptions 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Can Scientists Forecast Volcanic Eruptions?】： https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientists-inch-toward-better-volcanic-eruption-forecasting1/ ✅聽力練習【Can We Predict Volcanic Eruptions? 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zkbnn7SVATE TPO 69 Pacific Ecosystems 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Island ecosystem 】： https://thewonderfulwildlifeofsamloem.wordpress.com/island-ecosystem/ ✅聽力練習【Biodiversity and ecosystem health: a Hawaiian Islands case study | Khan Academy】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bmiVVgF9Hjw TPO 70 Nineteenth-Century Theories of Mountain Formation 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Continental Drift 】： https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/continental-drift/ ✅聽力練習【The Theory of Continental Drift 】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5q8hzF9VVE 環境 TPO 59 Dealing with Extreme Cold 📖參考連結: ✅延伸閱讀【Temperature regulation strategies】： https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/ecology-ap/energy-flow-through-ecosystems/a/animal-temperature-regulation-strategies ✅聽力練習【Animals' Mechanism To Survive In Hot and Cold Temperatures】： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JyCGVKFTZMw

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